Đồng nghĩa của precedent

precedents

Trái nghĩa: following,

model example pattern exemplar paradigm authority guide standard prototype lead criterion instance antecedent yardstick practice previous case previous instance prior case prior example prior instance previous example norm touchstone benchmark archetype measure ideal guideline gauge gage blueprint basis barometer template bar point of reference mark metric indicator grade test par specification scale gold standard litmus test paragon embodiment quintessence essence rule reference formula convention principle canon hallmark check sample indication guiding principle design leadership direction guidance index optimum inspiration master standard of excellence lodestar average beau ideal meter metre perfection guiding spirit epitome last word zero diagnostic control parallel case illustration pioneer stereotype icon torchbearer trailblazer classic role model apotheosis representative case baseline point of departure reference point reference line starting point starting position original law foundation point of comparison target type level measurement precept custom mean signal procedure median prescription marker protocol method policy clue best goal rule of thumb best possible ideal situation best fit best-case scenario frame of reference ruler referral classic example extent tester estimate height size device capacity bore depth width span thickness recognizance assessment degree instrument scope magnitude proof tenet standard of comparison measuring stick standards morality ethics principles morals ethos ordeal sign medium tape measure assize maxim required standard recognisance display symbol pointer signpost omen warning bellwether guide to beacon hint way routine tradition form order normality habit rubric heritage formality wont condition normalcy praxis course recommendation advice order of things suggestion requirement proposal instruction parameter regulation counsel key constraint limit directions code ground rule standard procedure

test case acid test crucial test experiment first case first occurrence

protoplast archetype coinage creation exemplar father forerunner invention master model novelty paradigm pattern precursor prototype type original standard template mould mold source real McCoy genuine article example mock-up antecedent foregoer granddaddy predecessor design guide ancestor grandaddy sample blueprint daddy framework first first example first model criterion antecessor norm ideal

institute rule decree doctrine edict law maxim regulation statute tenet convention decretum ordinance precept principle custom prescript dogma order ruling command act canon directive dictum commandment criterion direction instruction prescription pronouncement guideline mandate stipulation injunction dictate requirement proclamation fiat guide bylaw pronunciamento assize reg ukase by-law bill enactment resolution demand covenant measure code constitution formula promulgation motion credo belief creed ratification standard ethic decalogue diktat practice fundamental foundation charge postulate writ cause notice axiom reason equity behest warrant divestiture proposal garnishment generalization decision generalisation mitzvah bidding exigency ground principium proposition truth caveat base kaupapa due process imperative no-no propriety decorum brocard court order etiquette word rescript do declaration decretal statement procedure ground rule say-so legislation announcement summons laws body of law request recommendation manifesto bull firman irade briefing protocol judgement motto guidelines subpoena judgment standing order assertion advice parameter ultimatum suggestion will exhortation guiding principle authorization authorisation rules regulations guidance legal code call hest charter enjoinment jurisprudence policy notion attitude aphorism saying thesis deduction hypothesis working principle byword sanction desire rule of order preception action teaching insistence wish affirmation moral law ipse dixit instrument information prompting solicitation assumption modus operandi memorandum memo Bible numbers book no-nos code of laws point of departure lemma conjecture theory requisition local law message communication imposition chapter and verse amendment Act of Parliament clause verdict commitment obligation expressed desire broadcast publication rap charging say theorem system ordering exaction dictation adjuration interdiction notification devoir piece of legislation legislative document the word the riot act public statement discipline method digest codex specification acts rulings bills enactments lawmaking charters statutes gauge benchmark yardstick ordinances measures codification lawgiving legislature key clue signal mark counsel touchstone constraint limit directions marker body of laws gage standard procedure rule of thumb

usance practice manner habit usage praxis habitude addiction characteristic consuetude fashion form grind groove mode observance procedure proprieties routine rule shot swim thing trick use way wont into hang-up beaten path daily grind matter of course second nature ordinariness prevalence normalcy p customariness normality pattern practise ritual custom habitualness tradition convention method policy rite formality modus operandi ceremony system ceremonial style solemnity protocol norm process formula tikanga drill idiosyncrasy mannerism peculiarity trait conduct behaviour oddity law office tendency propensity ordinance disposition proneness liturgy mores institution convenance proceeding behavior regulation pomp repetition service sacrament familiarity celebration pageantry penchant bent proclivity assuetude set rut quirk workout personality nature fixed attitude festival act training attribute etiquette temperament asylum fact phenomenon order benchmark barometer exercise eccentricity foible crotchet aptness character rubric heritage prescription condition yardstick notion madhouse bedlam idea home erraticism quip tic curiosity kink twist individualism singularity quiddity modus vivendi course guideline prison hostel fixture concept order of things standard par manners rules residential care home decency approach social practice propriety how decorum tack tactics recipe technique regimen strategy methodology regime moeurs precept canon by the numbers by the book right practice kawa channels ropes set formula done thing setup treatment currency rote acceptance control management usefulness utility usual procedure

case in point case example illustration instance representative case specimen typical case exemplar exemplification object lesson occasion occurrence relevant instance representative sample typical example example in point prototype case history proof exponent item sampling detail situation reason particular ground time representation portrayal model exhibit standard symbol epitome evidence type paragon image manifestation ideal blueprint quintessence demonstration paradigm essence pattern variety embodiment copy exhibition expression portrait archetype exposition living proof proof positive a case in point working example snippet selection bit piece representative piece part test piece unit interpretation trial personification indication swatch foretaste dummy trailer pilot tester taster individual taste smear scantling element portion fragment constituent species template analogy cross section explanation instancing clarification showing elucidation criterion acme apotheosis classic beau ideal byword perfection for instance benchmark shining example avatar perfect example definitive example yardstick textbook example mirror representative example morsel typification sign segment mock-up bite

case law common law decisional law judge-made law non-statutory law precedential law

custom convention tradition practice form ritual usage fashion formality observance rule way ceremony manner mode norm policy praxis procedure proprieties etiquette heritage mores ordinance prescription rubric style consuetude conventionalism dictates rite system canon customariness design folkways institution precept shibboleth vogue attitude character method mould mold observation type kaupapa sacred cow unwritten law unwritten rule established way way of doing things protocol routine habit ceremonial formula liturgy solemnity rules service principle decorum modus operandi regulation celebration manners technique sacrament law wont office approach process pattern tikanga formalities methodology propriety recipe conventionality act order code course performance tack tenet plan guideline accepted behaviour means strategy tactics worship red tape customs kawa Sacrament rules of conduct maxim communion belief proceeding line mechanism channels standard mystery modus punctilio use ethics doctrine politesse code of behavior prescript principles exercise stereotype code of behaviour par regulations regimen average formal procedure good form scheme how programme prevailing attitude accepted belief orthodoxy program operation mass course of action treatment thing to do nuts and bolts normality normalcy moeurs benchmark yardstick diplomatic code standard procedure social code social procedures decree barometer politeness notion condition lore niceties idea behaviour edict concept culture conformity folklore morals punctilios code of conduct convenance decency accepted view measure couth courtesy behavior conduct morality blueprint setup customary behaviour dogma vein rote formulation creed order of things arrangement done thing route tactic theory action credo set of principles line of action p's and q's medium matter of course the book discipline line of attack practise festival occasion dictate pomp statute normal services conventions decretum past background history historical convention pageantry asylum phenomenon fact solemnities commemoration show courtesies bureaucracy regime agreement guidelines parade function home madhouse bedlam vow confirmation matrimony baptism marriage confession oath gesture paperwork formal courtesy acceptance management trick control habitude currency prison hostel fixture civilities conventionalities oral history expected behavior usual procedure solemnness officialism requirement formal gesture official procedure academism rituality institute road attack precepts holy orders covenance percept ways and means schema tenor obligation method of working covenant wrinkle how-to framework regularity religious ceremony form of worship church service matter of form teaching lockstep specifications direction equation theorem description medicine preparation drug set of procedures logical order logical process frame of reference artifice systematic process orderly process set of guidelines set of channels fixed order state constitution residential care home schedule criterion tone phraseology quality locution conviction view opinion remedy model charter laws practical gauge touchstone scale set of standards set of customs dose mixture cure genre posture wise status sort situation book kind article of faith religion received wisdom faith civility decalogue jurisprudence social practice standards ethos basis mean legendry legend medication medicament myth ropes good manners exemplar guide wisdom ethic birthright fable mythology mythos right practice set formula digest codex body of law cliché litmus test point of reference median gage nostrum physic medicinal established practice proper behaviour amenities seemliness suavities acceptable behaviour polite behaviour deportment dignity by the numbers by the book good behaviour rules of behaviour generality generalization forescript oral code law of the land conception boilerplate trope steps measures good behavior social norm social graces proper behavior stratagem path step exercising implementation generalisation carrying out putting into practice fulfilment enactment exertion pursuit accomplishment employment application activity play enjoyment fulfillment transaction drill agenda hackneyed idea standard image conventional image received idea maneuver agendum series of steps angle manoeuvre move plan of action standard operating procedure the numbers road map SOP MO game plan set of tactics master plan grand design

predecessor archetype foregoer original precursor prototype earlier model earlier version initial model initial version legacy model legacy version original model original version past model past version previous model previous version prior model prior version mock-up example type paradigm pattern antecedent exemplar model guide ancestor blueprint template granddaddy design forerunner grandaddy sample master daddy framework first mould standard first model first example norm ideal mold criterion antecessor

antecedent ancestor family predecessor ancestry descent extraction forebear forefather progenitor stock ancestors genealogy history line past archetype background birth blood daddy forebears foregoer forerunner grandaddy granddaddy precursor prototype roots filiation forefathers progenitors record stirps tupuna ascendant ascendent family tree originator source antecessor pedigree lineage origin parentage bloodline derivation strain breeding race heritage house foremother kindred primogenitor breed grandfather gramps pops origins paternity instigator founder line of descent seed antecedents forebearer relative sire heredity dynasty former holder of the post former job holder previous holder of the post previous job holder prior job holder clan tribe folk people descendants succession kin progeny kinfolks kinfolk kinsfolk stemma beginnings folks relationship relations inheritance group community relatives ethnicity culture issue kind genetics family history species ethnic group ancestral line blood line offspring menage type nation population society color colour cultural group birthplace ascendancy progeniture tree upbringing rearing subspecies siblings genre in-laws household generations subdivision class children system brood network whakapapa generation kinship genealogical chart ancestral tree genealogical tree consanguinity maternity rank status heritance position legacy station predecessors variety family background training nurture raising development ménage heirs and assigns kith and kin foremothers family line antecessors phratry sept tradition reproduction cultivation beginning early years racial type ethnic origin congenital traits genetic make-up genes genesiology eugenics constitution ethnos populace civilization naturalisation nationality confederation body politic country affiliation native land enfranchisement allegiance identity political home residence ethnic minority naturalization national status citizenry congenital characteristics life lifestyle civilisation environment inborn character state region realm way of life land empire style of living way of living

previous preceding foregoing former prior antecedent anterior earlier aforementioned above past aforesaid above-stated erstwhile above-mentioned previously mentioned prevenient precursive supra sometime precursory old quondam whilom one-time ex- other onetime as was earlier mentioned late preliminary once formerly mentioned same aforenamed selfsame introductory said forenamed preparatory forward preexistent pre-existing before ci-devant bygone older previously described historical ancient history gone-by way back way back when in the olden days latter-day ages ago back when in the good old days down memory lane beginning defunct very advance aforestated recent previously stated just mentioned very same early initial ancient long-ago olden preexisting identical behind one retired bypast ahead one and the same pre-existent last abovesaid abovementioned mentioned ex said earlier prior mentioned mentioned earlier departed above-named spoken of earlier first mentioned leading prefatory pioneer prodromal forerunning lead aforeknown heretofore pioneering head front ahead of one time then old-time of old of yore long-gone antiquated old-fashioned archaic dated outmoded out-of-date oldfangled latter out of date forgotten worn-out antique extinct done obsolete passé lapsed lost dead expired vanished at the time first once upon a time latest completed finished nonextant gone by gone delayed overdue elapsed belated foregone forepassed back past recall aged historic in oblivion water over the dam water under the bridge sunk in oblivion of an earlier time of a former period leaving retiring departing moth-eaten relic remote stale primeval primordial old as the hills decayed traditional old as Methuselah unoriginal primitive immemorial pristine timeworn superannuated time-worn rusty antediluvian unfashionable hackneyed demode aboriginal original cast-off hoary venerable age-old crumbling outdated redundant withdrawing unremembered outworn superseded unrecalled outbound exiting resigning primaeval lost and gone lost in time consigned to oblivion outgoing outward-bound most recent

ahead before afore already antecedently anteriorly beforehand earlier formerly preliminarily previously in front onwards advanced advancing ante at the head fore foremost precedently preceding previous progressing to the fore at the fore in advance in the van in the foreground in the vanguard in the lead at an advantage at the head of the queue once sooner heretofore hitherto earlier on before now until then in the past at one time in days gone by back when forward aforetime until now ahead of time before then way back when a while ago in days of yore early erstwhile in readiness in anticipation anciently then once upon a time in former times in times past in bygone days up to then time was some time ago a while back in old days in years gone by long ago time was when before present in times gone by in the olden days at an earlier time before this back in the day in earlier times near nearest former up to now fast forwards ere since so far by the time by then by the time mentioned by that time lately onetime back ago as was erewhile radically prematurely inopportunely precociously unseasonably of old olden days water under the bridge away back eons ago used to be of yore down memory lane precocious up till now prior to now prior to the present time in the old days in those days before the present one time previously ages ago from way back at one stage on a former occasion last time prior to this one time before back then on one occasion since God knows when prior to this time in the good old days years ago in times bygone at one point in times of yore agone gone syne sometime theretofore yet thus far in time gone by erst whilom as yet to date till now up until now in olden times up to this time in antiquity in yesteryear in auld lang syne in days of old at some point beforetime now until that time until recently bygone still at that instant one time quondam in one case further back but once above no longer by now from year one in my day until this time up to the present time even now till then up until then

precedented precedential law precedently precedents precedes preceding precedency precedencies precedences precedence preceded precede